Ultrasonic cleaning is the process of removing dirt from the part in the tank by applying high frequency sound waves to a liquid-filled tank. Devices that perform this cleaning process are called ultrasonic washing machines. In the ultrasonic washing process, the material to be cleaned is placed in a liquid and the washing is performed by sending ultrasonic sound waves to the container where the liquid is located. Ultrasonic washing machines have many uses and can be produced in various types and sizes.
Many devices, apparatus and machine parts that are newly produced or used in the industry are subjected to some cleaning processes in order to increase their surface quality. Thanks to various and constantly developing technologies and rapid developments in the production of miniature parts, traditional part cleaning methods have been insufficient and the need for sensitive and critical cleaning has arisen. A dirty monolayer can change the wet ability, adhesion, optical and electronic properties of the surface. Clearly; a clean surface; It has become a definite necessity especially in instruments such as eyeglasses, lenses, medical devices, disc drives. Especially, efficient and fast cleaning of hard-to-clean parts with intricate details, which are difficult to reach, has become a necessity in today’s rapidly developing technology. Today, in this sense, a cleaning can be done with “Ultrasonic Cleaning Method” .
With this method, ultrasonic washing machines offer an important cleaning option in the industry with its powerful cleaning performance and low maintenance requirement. While providing the desired sensitivity in cleaning, on the other hand, it offers a significant advantage in cleaning times and capacity.
Ultrasonic washing machines are used in many different sectors such as defense industry, medical sector, laboratories, roller blind washing, textile sector, coating and surface treatment, energy sector, rail systems, shipping sector, automotive sector and jewelery.
Ultrasonic cleaning uses a physical phenomenon that we call “cavitation”. The frequency of audible sounds is around 18,000 Hz (vibrations per second). Ultrasonic sound waves are above 18,000 Hz. Generators used in industry mostly produce ultrasonic frequencies between 20 kHz and 120 kHz. This high frequency current is received by a transducer and converted into mechanical vibration thanks to the piezoelectric ceramic in its structure. Thus, electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy. The intensity of the vibrations (pressure waves) emitted from the transducer is adjusted by a horn. Their intensity is increased or decreased. These pressure waves create millions of microscopic bubbles (vacuum cavity-bubbles) in the cleaning fluid. While these bubbles expand and grow during negative pressure, they end up with a severe collapse during positive pressure. During this event, a temperature rise of 5000 ° C occurs. During the collapse of these bubbles, the cleaning liquid molecules rush into this emptied volume with great speed. Here we call this event “Ultrasonic cavitation”. As a result of cavitation, the cleaning liquid molecules, which move very quickly, bombard the part surface with a pressure of up to 7000 atmospheres. As a result, the surface of the part is cleaned from unwanted dirt and rust. This is the basic principle of ultrasonic cleaning.
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