With the increase of the population in the world and the continuous increase in the needs of modern people in parallel with this, the need for production materials has started at that rate. Therefore, the emergence of new usage areas of plastics has made it necessary to develop new techniques in production methods. As it can be understood, ultrasonic welding of thermoplastics, which is one of the welding production techniques of plastics, is a very new issue developing in the world.
The theoretical knowledge of ultrasonic production begins in 1880 when Madame Curie discovered that similar materials were related as electrical and mechanical vibration. The importance of piezoelectric effect, the invention of French scientist Paul Langev, did not exist until the end of the century when he developed the “echo-ranging” technique for submarines. During World War II, the echo-rangign technique was developed and refined, and sonar was invented. In 1945, a new era was entered with the use of ultrasonic energy to detect broken or cracked parts. The technology continued with ultrasonic cleaning and degreasing.
The types of plastic we use in our lives are divided into three as thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers. However, when it comes to the source of plastics, it is only valid for thermoplastic materials. The practical application of ultrasonic welding for hard plastic was completed in 1960 and high energy ultrasonics was introduced. Welding of plastics was realized in 1963. At this point it could only be sourced from hard plastic. It was patented in 1965 by Soloff, Sonics and Materials Inc. for the use of the ultrasonic method for rigid thermoplastic welding parts. Founder Robert Soloff Seymour Linsle, thin plastic films welded to tubes. Ultimately, the ultrasonic welding method has been used net in plastics since 1972. This method has a wide range of applications due to its applicability to amorphous, semi-crystalline plastics, short welding time and low cost clean welding.
The ultrasonic welding method, which started to develop in the 1950s, initially aimed to improve the quality of spot welding in aircraft construction and to facilitate the task of cleaning aircraft material before spot welding. Today it has a wide range of applications in the joining of semiconductors and thin aluminum foils. The first ultrasonic welding machine for metals was produced and patented in 1960. It is interesting to note that although the first application was made in 1952, the representative of the institution that will give a patent on this subject did not accept this method, which was similar to super adhesives at that time, without using heat. At that time, it was also difficult and costly to provide the required power level for ultrasonic welding. Over time, ultrasonic energy has become widespread in areas such as surface cleaning, manufacturing of plastic parts, undamaged material testing and industrial metal welding.
Everything that makes sound vibrates, everything that vibrates makes sound; but not all sounds can be heard by the human ear. Ultrasonic sound definition refers to unattainable sounds; sound is beyond audible values. The limit of human sensation is approximately 20,000 Hz. Considering that the ultrasonic sound is 20.000 Hz. is above. The main reason for the developments in ultrasonic welding is speed, superior welding quality, efficiency, long equipment life and suitability for automation.
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